Observations of Magnetospheric Boundary Phenomena

摘要: From early observations of auroras (Stormer, 1955) and cometary tails (Biermann, 1951, 1957) the earth was thought to be immersed in a plasma streaming radially outward from sun. On basis solar Corona hydrodynamic model developed (Parker, 1958) which later proved agreement with direct measurements (Snyder, Neugebauer, Rao, 1963) corpuscular radiation, or wind. The advent artificial satellite interplanetary probe provided situ environment medium: continual directed sun bulk velocity 300’900 km (sec)-1 (corresponding proton kinetic energy ~ 1 keV), density 20 protons (cm)-3, characteristic temperature 105 - 106 °K (~ 100 eV) (Snyder etal., 1963; Bridge 1965), threaded by weak field 5Y(LY = 10-5 gauss) forming general Archimedean spiral structure stretching (Ness Wilcox, 1965). motion wind past is impeded presence earth’s magnetic field. This interaction geomagnetic presumed directly related, for example, auroras, storm, energetic charged particles radiation zones.