Cropping system effects on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi ) demography: II. Retrospective perturbation analysis

摘要: Abstract Cropping system characteristics affect weed management by altering key demographic rates of weeds, including recruitment, seedling survival, fecundity, and seed survival. To facilitate the design improvement cropping systems that limit population growth, analytical methods are needed to identify “choke points” (weed life stages vary in response whose variation strongly affects growth rate). The objectives this study were (1) determine whether wheat–red clover green manure can giant foxtail rate (λ) a wheat–corn–soybean crop sequence (2) choke points cycle with respect treatment. Demographic data used construct periodic matrix model sequence, either wheat sole (W) or intercrop (R) phase. Identification was acc...