Vesico-Urethral Electrical Stimulation with Surgically Implanted Devices:

摘要: Good clinical results may be achieved with electrical stimulation in many fields of medicine. After a long period experimental research, has gained an important role Urology too. Surgically implanted devices have been utilized only recent years to cure neurogenic bladder, while external portable for female incontinence is well-defined literature. Direct detrusor muscle and sphincter was abandoned but, nowadays, selective neurostimulation seems very effective. In this paper, the most surgical techniques are reviewed. Even if some them no longer used, knowledge probably better understanding present future possibilities.