Vulnerability assessment of ecological conditions in Seribu Islands, Indonesia

摘要: Abstract The sustainability in the marine and coastal environment was conceptualized significantly since Earth Summit 1992 where Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) proposed as one of solutions that can support decision makers to work together provide decisive actions for better management. A right balance between socio-economic growth environmental protection is most important goal In order achieve goal, a framework-based strategy, financial planning policy enforcement must be implemented Indonesia archipelagic states has adopted this concept within two Indonesian cooperation laws which were intended enable government manage areas more responsibly accountably aim improved future generations. Since endorsement those laws, however, implementation been lagging government's focus rather on land-based development despite consequence negligence This evident impact caused by rapid ill-planned developments regions. As result, already lost four islands associated with Seribu Islands 1999. It proves lack unnoticed both central local government. paper aims assess ecological vulnerability coral reefs using Geographic Information Systems Remote Sensing technologies. From study results, it summarized urban pressures pollutants from main rivers Jakarta Bay Banten Province played significant role degradation. Most are at risk, if continues. analysis assist prepare pivotal adapt changes develop essential recovery programs region.