Oceanic adults, coastal juveniles: tracking the habitat use of whale sharks off the Pacific coast of Mexico

作者: Dení Ramírez-Macías , Nuno Queiroz , Simon J. Pierce , Nicolas E. Humphries , David W. Sims

DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.3271

关键词: HabitatUpwellingBathyal zoneHabitat conservationFisherySubmarine pipelineWhaleMorningGeographyMaximum depth

摘要: Eight whale sharks tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags off the Gulf of California, Mexico, were tracked for periods 14–134 days. Five these adults, with four females visually assessed to be pregnant. At least they tracked, juveniles remained in California while adults moved offshore into eastern Pacific Ocean. We propose that parturition occurs waters. Excluding two juveniles shallow tagging area duration tracking, all spent 65 ± 20.7% (SD) their time near surface, even over deep water, often association frontal zones characterized by cool-water upwelling. While these six all made dives meso- or bathypelagic zones, two sharks reaching maximum depth recordable (1285.8 m), at these depths represented a small proportion overall tracks. Most (72.7%) took place during day, particularly early morning and late afternoon. Pronounced habitat differences ontogenetic stage suggest adult sharks are less likely frequent coastal waters after onset maturity.

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