Three steroid-binding globulins, their localization in the brain and nose, and what they might be doing there

摘要: Abstract Steroid-binding globulins (SBGs) such as sex hormone binding globulin, corticosteroid and vitamin-D protein are receiving increasing notice being actively involved in steroid actions. This paper reviews data of all three these SBGs, focusing on their presence possible activity the brain nose. We have found proteins limbic areas paraventricular (PVN) supraoptic nuclei (SON) well other hypothalamus, hippocampus, medial preoptic area. There is also evidence that made PVN SON, conjunction with neuropeptides oxytocin vasopressin. The localization SBGs more variable within main olfactory area vomeronasal organ. However, mucus areas, suggesting one functions to sequester aerosol steroids, pheromones, deliver them sensory cells then deeper areas. In this manuscript, we present multiple models SBG action including: A) a membrane receptor, B) receptor associated larger complex including cytoplasmic receptors, C) when binds second messengers respond, D) after its it releases into membrane’s lipid bilayer, from which gains access cell only bound by an internal protein, E) SBG, possibly internalized can gain numerous organelles cell’s nucleus or F) associate intracellular G) produced target released those upon specific stimulation, H) according Free Steroid Hypothesis steroids extracellular passively diffuse across plasma cell. These move endocrinology forward providing important paths many cells.