The Inductive Agency of Stress: From Perinatal to Adolescent Induction

摘要: The influence of stress agents, whether social, restraint, malnutrition or mild unpredictable, during the fetal–prenatal, infant–postnatal, adolescent young adult phases lifespan generally, but not always, implies disruption normal process development. Several notions including adaptive calibration model, emotional processes and arousability, GABAergic integrity nutrient deficiency, resilience physiological behavioural expressions maternal stress, affecting nursing behaviour offspring outcome. adaptive/maladaptive effects in humans are affected by developmental programming hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis other neuroendocrine systems related to that may facilitate resilience. animal models outline dysfunctional HPA brain regional alterations phenotypic interact with epigenetic mechanisms plasticity. Maladaptive regulation adolescence is influenced several factors, least being serotonergic, glucocorticoid pertaining trauma adolescence. occurrence oxidative imply damage propensity for hormesis, a notion unrelated resilience, provides opportunities long-lasting health benefits.