Disturbance in forest ecosystems caused by pathogens and insects

摘要: Pathogens and insects are major driving forces of processes in forested ecosystems. Disturbances caused by them as intimately involved ecosystem dynamics the more sudden obvious abiotic disturbances, for example, those wind or fire. However, because pathogens selective may affect only one several related species trees, less vigorous genetically unfit members within a species, resulting patterns disturbance differ from factors. cause through direct effects on host interactions with agents, each other. can act roguers weakened trees sornetimes scavengers, decomposing killed effecting release nutrients essential response. Responses forests to range that maintain current domain composition, structure, interactions, favor development successionally advanced result significant changes relationships. The first two responses often associated disturbances native insects, while third response is typical exotic organisms. play roles dynamics; understanding these key facilitating management.