Does organic farming face distinctive livestock welfare issues? - a conceptual analysis

摘要: The recent development and growth oforganic livestock farming the relateddevelopment of national internationalregulations has fueled discussions amongscientists philosophers concerning theproper conceptualization animal welfare.These on welfare inorganic draw conventionaldiscussions disputes thatinvolve issues such as different definitions ofwelfare (clinical health, absence suffering,sum positive negative experiences,etc.), possibility for objective measuresof welfare, acceptable level ofwelfare. It seems clear that welfareis a value-laden concept animalwelfare science cannot be made independent ofquestions values ethics. questioninvestigated here is whether those thatunderpin organic farming, in particular, alsoaffect interpretation welfare,and, if so, how. While some issuesraised connection with arerelatively uncontroversial, others are not. Theintroduction tointroduce new criteria what counts goodanimal well ethicalbasis making moral decisions welfare.Organic embodies distinctive systemicor communitarian ethical ideas organicvalues connected to systemic conceptionof nature, agriculture, farm, ofthe animal. arerelated concepts naturalness,harmony, integrity, care. overlap involved theconventional discussion someof them suggest need set prioritiesand re-conceptualize – forexample, respect ``naturalness,'' inrelation possibilities expression ofnatural behavior relation animalintegrity organismic harmony.The perspective also awider range solutions problemsthan changes farm routines or operations onthe animals. include thechoice reproduction suitable breeds,changes structure, inthe larger production consumption system including consumer perceptions andpreferences. But may alsocall sacrifices individual aconventional sense order advance welfarefrom farming.Whether this good bad decidedwithout entering into an inquiry discussionof ethics involved.