Bio-active Compounds from Unani Medicinal Plants and Their Application in Urolithiasis

摘要: Botanical products are used in various forms, such as pure compound, standardized extract, etc., which known for their remedial action against diseases and also provide a lead new drug development. Urolithiasis is disease calcium oxalate has major role. Pathogenesis of urolithiasis multifaceted including numerous physicochemical events occurring concurrently it includes supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation retention crystals within the renal tubules. Composition urine affects incidence resulting alteration biochemical parameters. The antiurolithiatic activity several Unani plants been studied. phytoconstituents phenolic compounds, saponins (solasodine), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), alkaloids (crocin, berberine, khellin), tannins, other inorganic organic constituents plant proteins (glycosaminoglycans), etc. Studies have reported role ascorbic, citric, phytic, tartaric oleanolic acid good candidates prophylactic management. Phytoconstituents exert effects by multiple mechanisms. Oxalate causes lipid peroxidation through reacting with polyunsaturated fatty acids cell membrane damages tissue. Triterpenes help dissolution demonstrate antioxidant effect. Organic substances adsorb on surface arrest process crystallization. Citrate magnesium form complex decreases supersaturation; moreover, destabilizes CaOx pairs. Saponins disintegration mucoproteins reduce crystal adhesion to epithelial cells pre-coating crystals. Flavonoids significantly prevent crystallization antioxidant, anti-inflammatory antimicrobial properties. aim writing this chapter highlight bio-active compounds found medicinal ameliorating stages stone formation, an overview use prevention management well elaborate its underlying