How to most effectively expand the global surface ozone observing network

摘要: Abstract. Surface ozone observations with modern instrumentation have been made around the world for more than 40 years. Some of these as one-off activities short-term, specific science objectives and some part wider networks which provided a foundational infrastructure data collection, calibration, quality control, dissemination. These provide fundamental underpinning to our understanding tropospheric chemistry, air policy, atmosphere–biosphere interactions, etc. brought together eight single set surface observations. We investigate how representative this combined is global using output from atmospheric chemistry model. estimate that on an area basis, 25 % globe observed (34 % land, 21 % ocean). Whereas Europe North America almost complete coverage, other continents, Africa, South America, Australia, Asia (12–17 %) show significant gaps. Antarctica surprisingly well (78 %). Little monitoring occurs over oceans, tropical southern oceans particularly poorly represented. The key biomes such forests savanna completely unmonitored. A chemical cluster analysis suggests number are polluted masses, but cleaner masses whether land or ocean (especially again in tropics) significantly under-observed. current network unlikely see impact El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may be capable detecting planetary-scale signals. Model assessment validation hampered by lack regions where models differ substantially, ability monitor likely changes next century. Using methodology we able suggest new sites would help close gap measure ozone. An additional 20 (a 20 % increase World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO GAW) 1 % total background network) located 10 islands continental double observed. cost addition small compared expenditure composition research long-term benefit atmosphere, information will also available consideration control managers policy makers.