The Detailed Dynamics of the June–August Hadley Cell

摘要: The seminal theory for the Hadley Cells has demonstrated that their existence is necessary reduction of tropical temperature gradients to a value such implied zonal winds are realisable. At heart notion angular momentum conservation in upper branch Cells. Eddy mixing associated with extra‐tropical systems invoked give continuity at edge Cell and reduce subtropical jet by factor 3 or more those observed. In this paper detailed view presented dynamics June–August Cell, as given ERA data period 1981–2010, an emphasis on branch. steady transient northward fluxes have very similar structure, both having maximum equator reversal sign near 12°S, flux merging into eddies winter sub‐tropical jet. absolute vorticity flux, Coriolis torque balanced fluxes. overturning circulations average confined specific longitudinal regions, these intra‐seasonal synoptic variations important. dominant contributor from Indian Ocean W Pacific maxima OLR variability meridional wind regions characteristic structure Westward‐moving Mixed Rossby‐Gravity wave. Much tropospheric motion hemisphere occurs filaments air summer equatorial region. These can reach jet, leading strengthening it it, implying strong tropical‐extratropical interaction.