Telematics and telemanipulation in surgery

摘要: SummaryTelematics applications are of big interest for research in various fields medicine. In diagnosis, teleconsulting techniques the remote interpretation radiologic or histologic images is already clinical practice several centres. therapeutic areas, such as all surgical disciplines, telemedicine also has relevance, but not yet widespread on diagnostic side. Three levels telematic surgery can be distinguished: teleconsulting, teleassistance and telemanipulation. Whereas first solely based intra-operative video-conferencing bilateral audio-visual communications, two other include guidance an endoscope even instruments, by a expert. most still experimental further technical progress required. We estimate that will enter routine centres relatively soon, whereas telemanipulation technologies ...