Local representation of global diversity in a cosmopolitan lichen-forming fungal species complex (Rhizoplaca, Ascomycota)

摘要: Aim The relative importance of long-distance dispersal versus vicariance in determining the distribution lichen-forming fungi remains unresolved. Here, we examined diversity and distributions a cosmopolitan fungal species complex, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma sensu lato (Ascomycota), across broad, intercontinental geographical distribution. We sought to determine temporal context diversification impacts past climatic fluctuations on demographic dynamics within this group. Location Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America South America. Methods We obtained molecular sequence data from total 240 specimens R. melanophthalma s.l. collected five continents. assessed monophyly candidate using individual gene trees tree seven-locus concatenated set. Divergence times relationships among were evaluated multilocus coalescent-based approach. Speciation probabilities estimated delimitation program bpp. also calculated statistics population demographics for independent lineages. Main conclusions Our analyses continents supported presence six species-level lineages complex. Based current sampling, two these found have broad distributions, while other four limited western America. Of lineages, single mountain USA sixth occurred no more than 200 km away mountain. Our estimates divergence suggest that Pleistocene glacial cycles played an important role group. At least three show evidence recent or ongoing expansion.