Laser/Light Applications in Urology

摘要: Medical laser systems have had a reputation for being large, difficult to use, and expensive. However, recent technological advances resulted in the commercial availability of clinical lasers that are more compact, powerful, affordable, user-friendly. Clinical expertise surgery has also improved, as result, impact on practice urology been significant. Solid-state lasers, such potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) or frequency-doubled neodymium yttrium-aluminumgarnet (Nd:YAG) laser, holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) replaced older gas dye soft tissue procedures lithotripsy. Continued development flexible endoscopes combined with small, flexible, biocompatible, inexpensive, disposable optical fibers, created new opportunities minimally invasive urological tract. Laser based wide range mechanisms laser-tissue interactions, including photothermal, photomechanical, photochemical (Table 1). Examples photothermal applications include ablation tissues treatment benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), strictures, bladder cancer, welding, long-pulse Photomechanical short-pulse lithotripsy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) cancer. This article reviews detail two most common lithotripsy fragmentation urinary stones prostatic covers other incision strictures welding. The experimental technologies potential use is discussed.