The Origins of Complexity Theory in Cities and Planning

摘要: We first present a brief history of the origins complexity sciences as they have developed with respect to theories and models cities. Our argument that original view cities might be understood modelled general systems from top down, where focus is on simulating system in equilibrium, has radically shifted viewing such being continually out-of-equilibrium dynamic driven bottom up. This important implications for how we model key features new generation city built around these ideas. set this much wider context changes our perceptions about should plan note development collaborative planning see dialogue between conflicting actors turn influenced by conceptions complexity. In particular, argue shift static dynamic, top–down bottom–up, problematic traditional notions optimum which inevitably an equilibrium aspired to. conclude some reflections difficulties prediction are intrinsic their planning.