Neurobiology of REM sleep

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the cellular and neurophysiological/neuropharmacological, with most of emphasis mechanisms relevant to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The presents sleep architecture phylogeny/ontogeny so as provide a basis for later mechanistic discussions. discusses REM anatomy physiology, describes role hypocretin/orexin in control. Sleep may be divided into two phases. is often associated vivid dreaming high level brain activity. other phase sleep, called non-REM or slow-wave (SWS), usually reduced neuronal activity; thought content during this state humans is, unlike dreams, nonvisual consisting ruminative thoughts. defined by presence low-voltage fast EEG activity, suppression muscle tone (usually measured chin muscles) REMs. cycle length 90 minutes duration each episode after first approximately 30 minutes. While electroencephalography (EEG) staging shows fairly abrupt transition from recording activity animals quite different picture. Neuronal begins change long before signs are present.