Sexual conflicts in spotted hyenas: male and female mating tactics and their reproductive outcome with respect to age, social status and tenure

摘要: We investigated the reproductive outcomes of male and female mating tactics in spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, a female-dominated social carnivore with high maternal investment, an absence paternal care control over copulation. Paternity was determined using microsatellite profiling 236 offspring 171 litters from three clans. found little evidence that sought to coerce or monopolize females were successful. Polyandry sperm competition appeared counter effectively pre-copulatory tactics, such as harassment, monopolization other infanticide, against evolutionary interests females, may have contributed stability dominance hierarchy, which operated queue. At least 39% 54 mated multiply, 35% 75 twin fathered by two sires. also serve ensure fertilization, compensate for initial poor-quality mate fertilization genetically compatible mates. Female choice matched observed patterns affiliative male-female behaviour, indicating behaviour is successful tactic, consistent idea tenure index quality, although fertility decline extreme old age.