Fungicide Resistance in Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Fungi

摘要: Powdery mildew is the major cause of losses in production cucurbits worldwide (Cohen et al., 2004; Křistkova 2009; Lebeda 2007b; McCreight, 2006) (Fig. 1a,b and 2a,b). This disease caused by two obligate biotrophic ectoparasites: Golovinomyces cichoracearum s.l. (Gc) (syn. Erysiphe s.l.) Podosphaera xanthii (Px) Sphaerotheca fuliginea) (Křistkova Lebeda, 1983) 3a,b 4a,b). Their distribution relative occurrence varies throughout world (Bardin Perez-Garcia 2009). For example, both Px Gc are important Central Europe whereas occurs almost exclusively USA. Both cucurbit powdery (CPM) species (Gc Px) have high evolutionary potential according to terminology McDonald & Linde (McDonald Linde, 2002) could be considered as “risky” pathogens (Lebeda 2007a). Pathogen populations with a more likely overcome plant genetic resistance and/or develop fungicide than pathogen low (Kuck Rusell, 2006). CPM highly variable their pathogenicity virulence which illustrated existence large number different pathotypes races (Jahn 2002; Sedlakova, 2006; Breeding crops for has long successful history, many resources race-specific now known muskmelon (Cucumis melo) (McCreight, There also excellent cucumbers sativus) 2002). Resistance been bred some cultivars squash pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) gourds spp.) Křistkova, 1994). Degree suppression achieved resistant variable, partly due adaptation. Additionally, there tremendous variation within crops, incorporating into all horticultural types an enormous task. Thus utilising not option managing farmers. Furthermore, do always provide adequate utilized sole management practice.