The Enclave, The Citadel and the Ghetto: The Threefold Segregation of Upper-Class Muslims in India

摘要: The urban sociology literature has identified three types of segregated spaces: the ghetto, enclave and citadel. While ghetto stems from a high constraint, accounts for more intentional form segregation citadel refers to deliberate attempt exclude undesirable populations. these figures are often contrasted in American literature, this article focuses on specific type neighbourhood that combines all these: upper-class minority neighbourhood. By introducing main results an interview study I conducted Indian city Aligarh, show Muslim residential choices informed by contradictory feelings: while threat Hindu-Muslim riots forces them segregate homogenous neighbourhoods (the ghetto), their also genuine desire live Islamic environment enclave). Finally, upper classes indulge sharp process socio-spatial differentiation poorer coreligionists citadel). These processes compelled segregation, self-aggregation social distancing lead enduring spatial concentration along religious class lines. simultaneity logics indicates categories citadel, framed reference context, can be applied Aligarh if understood as dynamic rather than static units. Such reformulation allows theory travel across North-South divide productive way.