Parasites and Host Performance: Incorporating Infection into Our Understanding of Animal Movement.

摘要: SYNOPSIS Studies of animal locomotion and movement largely assume that individuals are healthy performing to the best their abilities in ways which adapted survival. However, wild animals face numerous ecological challenges can compromise health, reduce performance capacity, impair and, ultimately, lower fitness. By diverting resources increasing host energetic demands, parasites, bacteria, viruses (hereafter parasites) dramatically influence hosts allocate energy movement. Yet, role parasites influencing locomotor remains relatively unexplored, perhaps because often hide outward signs sickness, tend be small inconspicuous researchers. Here, we review how parasite infection alter via impacts on morphology physiology. We also give examples behavioral strategies some employ help overcome disadvantages imposed by infection. Finally, discuss lead both increased decreased patterns, either as an adaptive strategy for or due manipulation parasite. The dynamic interplay between (such migration dispersal) has profound consequences population ecosystem-level processes influenced Acknowledging important functional played driving evolution behavior is a critical step toward developing comprehensive understanding causes