Production of 2nd Generation of Liquid Biofuels

摘要: Fluctuations in the price of oil and projections on depletion accessible deposits have led to national international efforts enhance proportion energy derived from renewable sources (bioenergy) with special emphasis transport sector (e.g. according Directive 2009/28 EC, by 2020, 20% EU-27 should be met 10% used transportation). To fulfil legal requirements, wider exploitation biofuels made feedstocks, as a substitute for traditional liq‐ uid fuels, will inevitable; e.g. demand bioethanol EU is expected reach 28.5 billion litres 2020 [1], while America 36 gallons ethanol must pro‐ duced 2022 [2]. Bioethanol, which has higher octane level then petrol but only contains 66% yield petrol, can blend or burned its pure form modi‐ fied spark-ignition engines This improve fuel combustion, contribute reduction atmospheric carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, carcinogenic emis‐ sions reduce emissions oxides nitrogen sulphur, main cause acid rain Butanol-gasoline blends might outcompete ethanol-gasoline ones because they bet‐ ter phase stability presence water, better low-temperature properties, oxida‐ tion during long term storage, more favourable distillation characteristics lower volatility respect possible air pollution. Recently performed ECE 83.03 sion tests [3] shown negligible no adverse effects pollution burning buta‐ nol-gasoline (containing up 30% v/v butanol) spark ignition Skoda passenger cars.