Determination of imidacloprid in beehive samples by UHPLC-MS/MS

摘要: Abstract Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide belonging to the neonicotinoid family. It was first introduced in mid-1990s, and since then, its use has grown rapidly control pests variety of agricultural crops. Several studies have shown that neonicotinoids translocate nectar pollen treated plants, which represents potential risk pollinators. Therefore, an open-field feeding study carried out. For this purpose, 30 beehives Apis mellifera L. were installed same apiary. All colonies similar health population conditions when assays started. seven weeks, fed with sucrose syrup different concentrations imidacloprid: 15, 30, 120 240 μg kg−1. Thus, divided into four treatments witness (Control) no added imidacloprid. To check hives' exposure imidacloprid evaluate distribution, sampling adult worker bees larvae performed before, during after whole period (7 weeks). Furthermore, 15th week, honey beeswax (honeycomb) samples collected from brood chamber super all hives. Analytical methodologies for sample preparation based on QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged Safe) procedure optimized validated. After soaking extraction using acetonitrile MgSO4 NaCl salts, dispersive solid-phase (d-SPE) step MgSO4, PSA C18 applied. Melted subjected extraction, followed by freeze-out d-SPE C18. Extracts evaluated UHPLC-MS/MS system. LOQ (μg kg−1) values 0.25, 0.50 1 honey, beeswax, respectively. Satisfactory recovery performance achieved relative standard deviation ≤20%. Residue showed correlation doses supplied, indicating insecticide. Honey stored approximately 60% loaded through feeding.