Testing the Jet Quenching Paradigm with an Ultradeep Observation of a Steadily Soft State Black Hole

摘要: We present ultradeep radio observations with the Expanded Very Large Array of 4U 1957+11, a Galactic black hole (BH) candidate X-ray binary known to exist in persistent soft state. derive stringent upper limit 11.4 {mu}Jy beam{sup -1} (3{sigma}) at 5-7 GHz, which provides most rigorous date on presence jets state BH (BHXB). X-ray, UV, and optical fluxes obtained within few weeks data can be explained by thermal emission from disk. At this luminosity, hard BHXB that follows established empirical radio-X-ray correlation would least 330-810 times brighter frequencies, depending distance 1957+11. This jet quenching >2.5 orders magnitude is greater than some models predict implies are prevented being launched altogether 1957+11 also more one order fainter faintest 'radio-quiet' population BHs. In addition, we show that, average, stellar-mass BHs probably have active galactic nuclei equivalent themore » These results implications for conditions required powerful, relativistic form provide new constraint time- accretion mode-dependent models, furthering our understanding production onto BHs.« less