The Present and Future Role of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Maize in IPM

摘要: Commercial, genetically-modified (GM) maize was first planted in the United States (USA, 1996) and Canada (1997) but now is grown 13 countries on a total of over 35 million hectares (>24% area worldwide). The GM plants produced Cry protein derived from soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which made them resistant to European corn borer other lepidopteran pests. New hybrids not only have resistance pests some coleopteran tolerance specific herbicides. Growers are attracted Bt for their convenience because yield protection, reduced need chemical insecticides, improved grain quality. Yet, most growers worldwide still rely traditional integrated pest management (IPM) methods control They must weigh appeal buying insect protection “in bag” against questions regarding economics, environmental safety, (IRM). Traditional insects opportunities challenges presented by considered as they relate current future insect-resistant products. Four countries, two that currently commercialize (USA Spain) do (China Kenya), highlighted. As with tactics (e.g., insecticide use or tillage), should be inherently compatible incompatible IPM. Rather, effect insect-resistance IPM likely depends how technology developed used.