REVIEW: Chemical contaminant effects on marine ecosystem functioning

摘要: Summary Ecosystem functioning underpins the ecosystem services upon which humans rely. Critical functions, such as primary and secondary productivity, are, however, increasingly threatened by a range of anthropogenic stressors. Although extent threat contamination is large has been increasing, pollution one least-studied stressors in ecology. We did systematic review critical synthesis effects contaminants on marine estuarine functioning. No other besides toxic chemicals were included this review. We identified 264 relevant studies across contaminants. Toxic generally altered reducing productivity increasing respiration. Effects varied, according to type contaminant component(s) system studied (e.g. particular trophic levels, functional groups or taxonomic groups). Toxicity that measure function strongly biased towards planktonic communities contrast biodiversity, have dominated work soft-sediment communities. Toxicant measures rarely biodiversity interpreted their findings within an context. Studies multiple components ecosystem, more than group organisms, likely find no effect contamination, possibly due ecological interactions. Studies suffered from unclear flawed methodology significant impact some endpoints with appropriate designs. Synthesis applications. Up 70% found negative impacts production. therefore potential greatly affect benefits provided these systems. Our will help managers policymakers determine whether are affecting both given context, helping prioritize areas for remediation. There still, much understand about relationships between biological diversity understanding chemical remain patchy until direct variables undertaken ecosystems. We recommend adoption endpoints, respiration, studies, routine toxicological risk assessment.