Mechanisms of group A Streptococcus resistance to reactive oxygen species.

摘要: Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A (GAS), is an exclusively human Gram-positive bacterial pathogen ranked among the ‘top 10’ causes of infection-related deaths worldwide. GAS commonly benign and self-limiting epithelial infections (pharyngitis impetigo), less frequent severe invasive diseases (bacteremia, toxic shock syndrome necrotizing fasciitis). Annually, 700 million infections, including 1.8 with a mortality rate 25%. In order to establish infection, must counteract oxidative stress conditions generated by release reactive oxygen species (ROS) at infection site host immune cells such neutrophils monocytes. ROS are highly byproducts metabolism, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•−), hydroxyl radicals (OH•) singlet (O2*), which can damage nucleic acids, proteins cell membranes. This review summarizes enzymatic regulatory mechanisms utilized thwart survive under stress.