A Review on the Impacts of Process Variables on Microbial Production of Carotenoid Pigments

摘要: Abstract Carotenoids are natural pigments produced by a wide range of microorganisms (i.e., fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and microalgae), lichens, plants. These responsible for creating colors, such as yellow, orange, red, pink in plants, fish, shellfish aquaculture microorganisms. They also used commercially food colorants. liposoluble tetraterpens. 40-carbons isoprenoids consist eight isoprene units. have several conjugated double bonds that absorb light the visible region thus cause different colors. Some them precursors vitamin A. numerous applications food, feed, medical, pharmaceutical, chemical cosmetic industries. Nowadays, lot pigment is chemically synthesized, however, their application industries limited due to toxicity. using high efficiency easy work with. research has been done on carotenoids’ biosynthesis microorganisms, bacteria (e.g., Dietzia ), algae Haematococcus fungus Phycomyces yeast Rhodotorula ). This chapter reviews methods optimizing microbial cultures produce carotenoids.