Does water hardness have preventive effect on cardiovascular disease
作者： Parinaz Poursafa , Marjan Mansourian , Zahra Gharedaghi , Mohammad Mehadi Amin , Mitra Momeni
DOI:
关键词: Calcium 、 Toxicology 、 Medicine 、 Population 、 Magnesium
摘要: Background:The aim of this study is to investigate the association ofcalcium and magnesium concentration drinking water with cardiovascular disease (CVDs) in urban rural areas a city Iran. Methods:This case-control was conducted 2012 Khansar County Isfahan province, We used official data Provincial health center regarding chemical analysis including hardness, calcisum content water. Data patients hospitalized for CVD only specialty hospital gatheresd years 2010 2011. Results:In 2010, increase calcium hardness above 72 mg/L, prevalence CVDs 1000 population decreased; 2011 decrease observed more than 75 mg/L. In level Mg ranged from 23 57 By increasing 31 mg/L 26 2011, number people decrease. Conclusions:Our suggests favorable protective effects mainly content, on CVDs. Water as well may have role against Further experimental studies are necessary determine underlying mechanisms longitudinal required clinical impacts current findings. Keywords:Calcium, disease, Iran, magnesium,
参考文章(14)
Essentials of Medical Geology Springer Nature. pp. 1- 805 ,(2013) , 10.1007/978-94-007-4375-5
Jun Kobayashi, ON GEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF RIVER WATER AND DEATH-RATE FROM APOPLEXY (Preliminary Report) Berichte des Ohara Instituts für landwirtschaftliche Biologie, Okayama Universität. ,vol. 11, pp. 12- 21 ,(1957)
Pallav Sengupta, Potential Health Impacts of Hard Water International Journal of Preventive Medicine. ,vol. 4, pp. 866- 875 ,(2013)
Eva Rubenowitz-Lundin, Kevin M. Hiscock, Water Hardness and Health Effects Essentials of Medical Geology. pp. 337- 350 ,(2013) , 10.1007/978-94-007-4375-5_14
MargaretD. Crawford, M.J. Gardner, J.N. Morris, CHANGES IN WATER HARDNESS AND LOCAL DEATH-RATES The Lancet. ,vol. 298, pp. 327- 329 ,(1971) , 10.1016/S0140-6736(71)90055-9
Lina J. Leurs, Leo J. Schouten, Margreet N. Mons, R. Alexandra Goldbohm, Piet A. van den Brandt, Relationship between Tap Water Hardness, Magnesium, and Calcium Concentration and Mortality due to Ischemic Heart Disease or Stroke in the Netherlands Environmental Health Perspectives. ,vol. 118, pp. 414- 420 ,(2009) , 10.1289/EHP.0900782
Yingshui Yao, Lianping He, Yuelong Jin, Yan Chen, Hui Tang, Xiuli Song, Lingling Ding, Qin Qi, Zhiwei Huang, Quanhai Wang, Jiegen Yu, The relationship between serum calcium level, blood lipids, and blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive subjects who come from a normal university in east of China. Biological Trace Element Research. ,vol. 153, pp. 35- 40 ,(2013) , 10.1007/S12011-013-9646-3
R F LACEY, A G SHAPER, Changes in Water Hardness and Cardiovascular Death Rates International Journal of Epidemiology. ,vol. 13, pp. 18- 24 ,(1984) , 10.1093/IJE/13.1.18
M.-P. Sauvant, D. Pepin, Drinking water and cardiovascular disease. Food and Chemical Toxicology. ,vol. 40, pp. 1311- 1325 ,(2002) , 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00081-9
Silvano Monarca, Francesco Donato, Ilaria Zerbini, Rebecca L Calderon, Gunther F Craun, None, Review of epidemiological studies on drinking water hardness and cardiovascular diseases European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. ,vol. 13, pp. 495- 506 ,(2006) , 10.1097/01.HJR.0000214608.99113.5C