Cardiac imaging of congenital heart diseases during interventional procedures continues to evolve: Pros and cons of the main techniques

摘要: Cardiac catheterization has contributed to the progress made in management of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). First, it allowed clarification diagnostic assessment CHD, by offering a better understanding normal cardiac physiology and pathophysiology anatomy complex malformations. Then, became an alternative surgery major component therapeutic approach for some CHD lesions. Nowadays, techniques have evolved is widely used percutaneously close intracardiac shunts, relieve obstructive valvar or vessel lesions, transcatheter valve replacement. Accurate imaging mandatory guide these procedures. during must provide accurate images surrounding structures, medical devices tools deliver them. be 'real-time' excellent temporal resolution ensure 'eyes-hands' synchronization 'device-target area' positioning. In this comprehensive review, we overview conventional laboratory daily practice, as well effect recent evolution future modalities.