Tinnitus: presence and future

摘要: Tinnitus has many forms; it can be caused by sounds generated in the body (objective tinnitus) that reaches ear through conduction tissue, but much more common is tinnitus occurs without any physical sound reaching ear. Such (subjective a phantom sensation, where abnormal neural activity ear, auditory nerve, or central nervous system. There are forms of subjective and occur with different severity. Subjective often connection hearing loss such as may after exposure to loud (noise), administration drugs certain antibiotics, no cause found. together presbycusis deafness. part symptoms Meniere's disease individuals vestibular Schwannoma almost always have tinnitus. Some who severe hear distorted some hyperacusis (reduced tolerance sounds) phonophobia (fear sounds). referred one both ears, location inside head. The anatomical physiological abnormality chronic tinnitus, however, rarely indications pathophysiology unilateral bilateral different. considerable evidence expression plasticity plays role development abnormalities Expression change balance between excitation inhibition system, promote hyperactivity, reorganization specific parts system redirection information not normally involved processing (non-classical extralemniscal pathways). Since there kinds search for (single) cure futile. Testing new treatments hampered fact possible distinguish which effective.