Green beards in the light of indirect genetic effects.

摘要: The green‐beard effect is one proposed mechanism predicted to underpin the evolu‐tion of altruistic behavior. It relies on recognition and selective help altruists each other in order promote sustain However, this has often been dismissed as unlikely or uncommon, it assumed that both signaling trait need be encoded by same gene through tightly linked genes. Here, we use models indirect genetic effects (IGEs) find minimum correlation between required for evolution latter. We show threshold depends strength interaction (influence green beard expression trait), well costs benefits further does not necessarily have high support our analytical results simulations.