Contextualizing dirty work: The neglected role of cultural, historical, and demographic context

摘要: Although perceptions of physically, socially, and morally stigmatized occupations – ‘dirty work’ are socially constructed, very little attention has been paid to how the context shapes those constructions. We explore impact historical trends (when), macro micro cultures (where), demographic characteristics (who) on social construction dirty work. Historically, rise hygiene, along with economic technological development, resulted in greater societal distancing from work, while liberalism acceptance some occupations. Culturally, masculinity tends be preferred over femininity as an ideological discourse for unless occupation is female-dominated; members collectivist generally better able than individualist combat collective-level threat that stigma inherently represents; high power-distance tend view work more negatively low cultures. Demographically, marginalized devolve socioeconomic, gender, racioethnic categories, creating a pernicious entrapping recursive loop between being labeled people.’