Complexity of the RAR‐Mediated Transcriptional Regulatory Programs

摘要: In the past several decades, intensive research in this field has uncovered a surprising number of regulatory factors and their associated enzymatic properties to reveal network complexes that function activation repression transcriptional programs mediated by nuclear receptors (NR). These have been extensively characterized both biochemically functionally [34, 87, 94]. Several principles emerged: (1) It is widely recognized ligand-dependent cofactor mediating exhibit exchange. (2) mediate modifications chromatin structure consequent binding at elements, particularly promoter enhancer sites. (3) The concept about rapid exchange coregulatory sites suggested [88]. Key questions NR included: (a) What are cofactors used ligand signaling network-dependent switches gene regulation programs; (b) Do long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as “factors” for programs, do enhancers actually regulate transcription units encoding (eRNAs) might functional significance; (c) relationship between DNA damage repair machinery machinery? (d) Retinoic Acid Receptors (RAR) also Pol III-dependent, repeat stem cells? (e) How new technologies such deep sequencing altered our ability investigate mechanisms utilized NRs?