Ulcerated and Nonulcerated Nontuberculous Cutaneous Mycobacterial Granulomas in Cats and Dogs

作者: Richard Malik , Bronwyn Smits , George Reppas , Caroline Laprie , Carolyn O’Brien

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3164.2012.01104.X

关键词: Mycobacterium ulceransGranulomaFeline leprosyMolecular biologyBiologySurgeryRifampicinMycobacterium microtiClofazimineMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium

摘要: Background –  Mycobacterial granulomas of the skin and subcutis can be caused by one a number pathogens. This review concentrates on noncultivable species that cause diseases characterized focal granuloma(s), namely leproid granuloma (in dogs) feline leprosy cats). Clinically indistinguishable lesions tuberculous organisms (Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium microti) members avium complex. Rapidly growing mycobacterial infection subcutaneous panniculus associated with draining tracts are not discussed. Disease ulcerans is an important emerging differential diagnosis for ulcerated cutaneous nodules in certain localized regions. Clinical lesions –  Lesions comprise or multiple skin/subcutis. These generally firm well circumscribed, typically become denuded hair. They may ulcerate, depending virulence causal immune response host. Diagnosis –  The most inexpensive, noninvasive means submission methanol-fixed, Romanowsky-stained smears to Reference Laboratory after detecting negatively stained acid-fast bacilli cytological smears. Scrapings material from slides usually provide sufficient DNA enable identification organism using sequence analysis amplicons PCR specific primers. Therapy –  Therapy relies upon combination marginal resection easily accessible treatment two three drugs effective against slowly mycobacteria, choosing amongst rifampicin, clarithromycin, clofazimine pradofloxacin/moxifloxacin. Resume Contexte –  Les granulomes mycobacteriens cutanes et sous-cutanes peuvent etre causes par un nombre d’agents pathogenes. Cette revue se concentre sur les especes non-cultivable qui causent des maladies caracterisees focaux, appeles leproides (chez chiens) lepre chats). cliniquement indiscernables causees organismes tuberculeux membres du complexe avium. de mycobacteries croissance rapide l’infection pannicule sous-cutane associee fistules ne sont pas discutees. La maladie causee est diagnostic differentiel emergent ulceres dans certaines regions localisees. Les cliniques –  comprennent ou plusieurs cutanes/sous-cutanes. Ils generalement fermes bien circonscrits deviennent alopeciques. non s’ulcerer selon la en reponse immunitaire l’hote. Diagnostic –  methode moins chere invasive soumission laboratoire reference d’un etalement fixe au methanol avec coloration type Romanowsky apres mise evidence d’une negative acido-alcolo-resistante bacilles cytologies. Le raclage materiel provenant lames fournit habituellement assez d’ADN mycobacterien pour permettre l’identification l’organisme l’aide d’analyse utilisant amorces specifiques mycobacteries. Traitement –  traitement repose combinaison marginale facilement accessibles l’administration deux trois medicaments efficaces contre lente, choisir parmi rifampicine, clarithromycine, pradofloxacine/moxifloxacine. Resumen Introduccion –  los micobacterianos piel y del tejido subcutaneo pueden ser causados por una variedad agentes patogenos. Esta revision concentra las especies no cultivables que causan enfermedades caracterizadas aparicion granuloma(s) focales, esto es el leproide (en perros) lepra felina gatos). Lesiones clinicamente indistinguibles causadas organismos tuberculosos miembros complejo Las micobacteria crecimiento rapido infeccion asociada con tractos drenaje discuten. enfermedad causada diagnostico diferencial emergente importancia caso nodulos cutaneos ulcerados algunas regiones localizadas. Lesiones clinicas –  lesiones generalmente presentan como uno o multiples piel/subcutis. Estos son consistencia firme demarcados, caracteristicamente perdida pelo. Pueden ulcerarse no, dependiendo virulencia causales respuesta inmune hospedador. Diagnostico –  forma mas barata invasiva realizar mediante envio extensiones fijadas metanol tincion laboratorio referencia micobacterias tras deteccion tenidos u positivos reaccion citologicas. Raspados preparaciones proporciona suficiente micobacteriano para identificacion agente utilizando analisis secuencia amplicones obtenidos iniciadores especificos micobacterias. Tratamiento –  tratamiento basa combinacion extirpacion accesibles terapia dos tres farmacos eficaces frente lento, elegir entre rifampicina, claritromicina, clofazimina pradofloxacina/moxifloxacina. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund –  Mykobakterielle Granulome der Haut und Subkutis konnen durch eines von vielen Pathogenen verursacht werden. Diese Review konzentriert sich auf nicht-kultivierbare Spezies, die Krankheiten verursachen, fokale Granulom(e) charakterisiert sind, namlich (bei Hunden) Lepra Katzen). Klinisch nicht unterscheidbare Lasionen Tuberkuloseorganismen Organismen Komplexes Rasch wachsende mykobakterielle Infektionen subkutanen Pannikulus welche mit Fisteln im Zusammenhang stehen, werden hier diskutiert. Eine Krankheit, wird, ist eine wichtige entwickelnde Differentialdiagnose fur ulzerierte kutane Knoten gewissen lokalisierten Korperregionen. Klinische Veranderungen –  Die bestehen aus einem oder mehreren Haut/Subkutis. sind generell derb gut umschrieben haben Regel keine Haare mehr. Sie ulzerieren auch nicht, je nach Virulenz verursachenden Organismus Immunantwort Wirts. Diagnose –  billigste am wenigsten Moglichkeit zur Diagnose Einsendung Methanol-fixierten, Farbung angefarbten Abklatschpraparaten ein Referenzlabor Mykobakterien, nachdem negativ gefarbte saurefeste Bazillen den zytologischen gefunden worden waren. Geschabsel Material diesen Objekttragern liefern genug DNA, um Identifizierung mittels Sequenzanalyse Amplikons einer bei Verwendung spezifischen mykobakteriellen Primern moglich zu machen. Behandlung –  Therapie besteht Kombination Resektion leicht zugangigen Behandlung zwei drei wirksamen Medikamenten gegen langsam wobei zwischen Rifampicin, Clarithromycin, Clofazimine Pradofloxacin/Moxifloxacin ausgewahlt sollte.

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