X-ray pre-ionization powered by accretion on the first black holes — II. Cosmological simulations and observational signatures

作者: Massimo Ricotti , Jeremiah P. Ostriker , Nickolay Y. Gnedin

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2966.2004.08623.X

关键词: Cosmic microwave backgroundPopulationAstronomyPhysicsAstrophysicsRedshiftGalaxySource countsReionizationHubble Deep FieldSpectral energy distribution

摘要: We use numerical simulations of a cosmological volume to study the X-ray ionization and heating intergalactic medium (IGM) by an early population accreting black holes (BHs). By considering theoretical limits on accretion rate observational constraints from background faint source counts, we find that maximum value optical depth Thompson scattering which can be produced using these models is τe≃ 0.17, in agreement with previous semi-analytic results. The redshifted soft sources important producing fully ionized atomic hydrogen low-density before stellar reionization at redshift z∼ 6–7. As result, re-ionization characterized almost instantaneous ‘overlap phase’ H ii regions. also produces second He ii about 3 maintains temperature IGM 10 000 K even low redshifts. If spectral energy distribution has non-negligible high-energy power-law component, luminosity band ‘typical’ galaxies hosting intermediate-mass BHs 15 one or two orders magnitude below sensitivity limit Chandra Deep Field. thousand may present per square arcmin sky, potentially detectable fluctuations. estimate few rare objects, not our small simulated volume, could luminous enough visible XEUS Constellation-X satellites will able detect more that, if radio loud, used 21-cm forest absorption. A signature pre-ionization production secondary cosmic microwave (CMB) anisotropies angular scales (<1 arcmin). power spectrum fluctuations increases decreasing scale (ΔT∼ 16 μK ∼1-arcsec scales), while for scenarios decreases smaller scales. show radiation neutral marginally detected emission redshifts 7 < z 12. At 30 stronger narrower (in space) signal absorption against CMB, peculiar models, detectable.

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