The Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Liquids Containing Solid Particles of Nanometer Dimensions: A Critique

摘要: There have been conflicting statements in the literature of last twenty years about behavior apparent thermal conductivity two- or three-phase systems comprising solid particles with nanometer dimensions suspended fluids. It has a feature much work that these multiphase treated as if single-phase fluid and thermodynamic characteristics system varied even though given same name. These so-called nanofluids subject large number investigations by variety different experimental techniques. In current paper, we critically evaluate studies seven simplest particulate/fluid systems: Cu, CuO, $$\hbox {Al}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$ , {TiO}_{2}$$ water ethylene glycol. Our conclusion is when results for exactly are obtained proven techniques, nanofluid exhibits no unexpected inconsistent simple model conduction stationary, systems. The wider reported therefore attributed to ill-characterization and/or application techniques unproven validity.