An aLife investigation on the origins of dimorphic parental investments

摘要: When Trivers[13] introduced the concept of parental investmentto evo-lutionary theory, he clarified many issues surrounding sexual selec-tion. In particular, demonstrated how sex differences in invest-ment can explain sexually dimorphic structure and behaviour developsin a species. However, origins investments alsoneed explanation. Trivers others have suggested several hypotheses,including ones based on prior investment, desertion, paternal uncertainty,association with offspring chance dimorphism. this paper, weexplore these hypotheses within setting an ALife simulation. We findsupport for all alternatives, barring investment hypothesis.1.1 IntroductionThe issue selection has been hotly debated ever since Darwinraised its possibility. Darwin noted that females most species tend tobe choosier less competitive than males. Bateman later gave thisobservation further support his experiments Drosophila (fruitflies) [1]. He found that, under controlled settings, male wouldmate as frequently time allowed. Female Drosophila, other hand,would only mate once or twice, despite opportunity mat-ing. speculated behavioural difference was due to thedifference gamete sizes two sexes, female’s being so muchlarger and, therefore, more costly. also would