Effect of forest stand management on species composition, structural diversity, and productivity in the temperate zone of Europe

摘要: Forests in Central Europe have been used since centuries and were systematically changed by silvicultural practices the late 1700s. Focusing on possible biodiversity losses, forest stand management primarily impacts attributes ‘composition, structure functioning’ that are interlinked incorporate different organizational spatial ecosystem levels. Forest can manipulate tree species diversity, which turn affects finally leads to changes functions services. We meta-analyses review 49 papers with 197 comparisons compositional structural diversity between unmanaged managed forests as well 53 of biomass productivity mixed monoculture throughout temperate biome Europe. Besides impacts, for comparisons, we took time abandonment into consideration when dealing forests. For richness could not detect significant effects; no influences be identified either. Structural partly revealed considerable responses management. Importantly, deadwood quantity, number microhabitats, size reduced management, while effect was found basal area living trees. Some these effects become more pronounced increasing abandonment. significantly enhanced regular moderate thinning compared untreated stands mixing monospecific stands. Based results, discuss role direct indirect effects, interactions components, problem defining reference state, perspectives practice.