The Immune System in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Interactions and Therapeutic Opportunities

摘要: Squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract exhibit complex interactions with host immune system that may simultaneously explain resistance to various therapeutic modalities and also provide opportunities for intervention. The interplay between developing or established malignancy is best understood through a careful analysis key components effector arms system. These include cellular network modulation as well tumor-derived factors such chemokines cytokines. While response tumor successfully curtail growth in some cases (immunosurveillance), squamous head neck are characterized by their ability create an immunosuppressive environment powerful enough evade response. It increasingly apparent efforts stimulate therapeutically effective against tumors must be coupled strategies abrogate this immune-suppressive environment. Preclinical studies clinical trials have yielded promising results foundation further refinements broad variety immunotherapeutic targeting all Combining approaches treatment options surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy ultimately yield substantive improvements overall survival date been lacking reduce disease-related treatment-related morbidities debilitating deadly disease.