A new optimal foraging model predicts habitat use by drift‐feeding stream minnows

作者: G. D. Grossman , P. A. Rincon , M. D. Farr , R. E. Ratajczak

DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0633.2002.110102.X

关键词: Fish <Actinopterygii>Multiple speciesEnergy densityPhysicsCost benefitEcologyAquatic organismsPrey captureField testsAbsolute deviation

摘要: – There is substantial need for models that accurately predict habitat selection by fishes purposes ranging from the elaboration of ecological theory to preservation biodiversity. We have developed a new and highly tractable optimal foraging model drift-feeding based on profitability occupying varying focal-point velocities in stream. The basic can be written as: Ix = (Ex * Px) = {(D * A * V) * [1/(1 + e(b + cV))]} − Sx, where: (1) Ix net energy intake at velocity x; (2) E prey encounter rate; (3) P capture success rate which modelled as 1/(1 + e(b cV)) where b c are fitting constants curve; (4) D content (J/m3) drift; (5) A visual reactive area fish; (6) V (cm/s); (7) S cost maintaining position (J/s). Given D, considered constant over range occupied these fishes, reduces e(b cV) = 1/(cV − 1) we solved iteratively yield an species each sample. tested comparing its predictions mean (i.e. microhabitats) four minnows two sites stream North Carolina, USA. successfully predicted (11 out 14 cases) three seasonal samples collected 2 years sites. unsuccessful still were within 2 cm/s 95% confidence intervals whereas overall deviation between fish was small (range = 0.9 3.3 cm/s warpaint shiner Tennessee shiner, respectively). Available ranged 0–76 0–128 cm/s depending site season. Our findings represent one more rigorous field tests foraging/habitat aquatic organisms because they encompass multiple years, species, Because ease parameterization our model, it should readily testable lotic habitats. If validated other systems, provide critical information will aid management riverine systems improve performance variety currently used (e.g. instream flow incremental methodology (IFIM) total maximum daily load calculations (TMDL)). Resumen 1. Existe una grave necesidad de modelos que predigan con precision la seleccion por parte los peces fines van del desarrollo teoria ecologica conservacion biodiversidad. Nosotros hemos desarrollado un modelo nuevo y facil manejo alimentacion optima para se alimentan deriva fundamenta en diferentes beneficios energeticos derivados ocupar velocidades focales distintas rio. 2. El basico puede formularse como: donde: es el energia neta obtenida velocidad, velocidad reaccion pez; contenida las presas deriva; tasa encuentro presas; probabilidad captura presa, representarse como donde son constantes; coste nadar mantener posicion corriente Puesto pueden considerarse constantes rango ocupan estos peces, reduce resolvimos iterativamente obtener focal cada especie muestreo. 3. Probamos comparando su predicciones medias ocupadas cuatro especies ciprinidos rio Carolina Norte. predijo exito estas (11/14 casos) tres muestreos estacionales llevados cabo lo largo dos anos estaciones. Incluso fallidas diferenciaron menos limite confianza al CIs ocupadas, diferencia media entre observaciones fue pequena (rango = 0.9 cm/s 3.3-cm/s shiner). disponibles 0–76 cm/s dependiendo localidad estacion ano. 4. Nuestros resultados pruebas campo mas rigurosas optima/seleccion organismos acuaticos puesto incluyen diversas especies, y, localidades. La facilidad estima parametros hace sea probarlo diversos habitats loticos. Si validado ellos, deberia proporcionar informacion valiosa ayudara gestion sistemas fluviales mejorara obtenidos traves varios usados actualmente (p.e. IFIM calculos TMDL).

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