Ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics of electrons in metals

摘要: Approximate analytic solutions for the athermal relaxation and diffusion of carriers in free-electron metals excited by ultrashort optical pulses are derived. The energy-loss time electrons is shown to be $\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{0}^{1/3}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{S}^{2/3},$ where ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{0}$ ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{S}$ characteristic electron-electron electron-phonon scattering times. By evaluating average excess energy per excitation we able establish an approximate criterion transition from electron distribution a thermalized distribution. We thus demonstrate how one can calculate evolution total number densities nonequilibrium at given point metal, linking regime interpolation. Quantitative agreement theory with some recent experiments on hot good.