Age at natural menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease.

摘要: Background: Early natural menopause has been postulated to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To examine relation age at with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in Nurses’ Health Study. Methods: Analysis was restricted 35 616 naturally postmenopausal women who never used estrogen replacement therapy no diagnosed baseline, followed up from 1976 1994. Information on menopausal status, menopause, other factors obtained updated every 2 years by mailed questionnaires. Results: During 354 326 person-years follow-up, we documented 757 incident cases CHD 350 stroke. After adjusting for age, smoking factors, relative risks (RRs) across categories (,40, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, $55 years) were 1.53, 1.42, 1.10, 1.00 (reference), 0.95, respectively; RR each 1-year decrease 1.03 (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.05). Elevated younger observed among current smokers (RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.07] menopause) but not 1.00; 95% 0.96-1.04). Age significantly associated ischemic 1.01; 0.97-1.04) or hemorrhagic 1.03; 0.97-1.10). Conclusions: We an overall significant association between higher experienced hormone therapy. This increased smokers. The apparent elevated decreased might reflect residual confounding smoking.