The multi-speed energy transition in Europe: Opportunities and challenges for EU energy security

摘要: Abstract The transition towards renewable energy is progressing at different speeds among EU member states. This trend reflects their divergent national security interests and leads to (foreign) policy strategies within the Energy Union context. perspective highlights how a multi-speed Member States affects European relations explores what Commission (EC) can do safeguard Union. We argue that perceptions priorities essentially create two clusters of countries: those focus on energy, considering it an industrial opportunity way lower import dependence, prioritize reliable supplies perceive renewables as too volatile expensive replace fossil fuels. then contemplate implications emerging Europes discuss several ways these could shape mutual interactions. Finally, we suggest incorporating component next internal market common external voice dimensions Union, in form package deal, so EC might overcome political tensions between clusters.