Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: evidence from rbcL sequence data.

摘要: The order Malvales remains poorly circumscribed, despite its seemingly indisputable core constituents: Bombacaceae, Malvaceae, Sterculiaceae, and Tiliaceae. We conducted a two-step parsimony analysis on 125 rbcL sequences to clarify the composition of Malvales, determine relationships some controversial families, identify placement within Rosidae. sampled taxa that have been previously suggested be within, or close to, (83 sequences), plus additional rosids (26 sequences) nonrosid eudicots (16 provide broader framework for analysis. resulting trees strongly support monophyly malvalean listed above. In addition, these data serve group are closely associated with families. This expanded clade is composed four major subclades: (1) families (Bombacaceae, Tiliaceae); (2) Bixaceae, Cochlospermaceae, Sphaerosepalaceae (Rhopalocarpaceae); (3) Thymelaeaceae sensu lato (s.l.); (4) Cistaceae, Dipterocarpaceae s.l., Sarcolaenaceae (Chlaenaceae), Muntingia. Neurada (Neuradaceae Rosaceae) falls in but not clearly any subclades. sister either capparalean Rodman et al. sapindalean Gadek Members Elaeocarpaceae, hypothesized by most authors as shown fall taxa. Also excluded members of, groups were Aextoxicaceae, Barbeyaceae, Cannabinaceae, Cecropiaceae, Dichapetalaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Euphorbiaceae Huaceae, Lecythidaceae, Moraceae Pandaceae, Plagiopteraceae, Rhamnaceae, Scytopetalaceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae. traditionally includes Bombacaceae (;250 spp.), Malvaceae (1500 Sterculiaceae (1000 Tiliaceae (400 from one eight other depending upon author (Takhtajan, 1987, 1997; Cronquist, 1988; Dahlgren, 1989; Thorne, 1992). Considering only comprises predominantly woody tropical trees, including several economically important genera such cotton (Gossypium