THE BIOLOGY OF SYMBOLS: SOME CONCLUDING THOUGHTS

摘要: This chapter focuses on the biology of symbols. The reviews stages in development tool use one situation. Rather than describing sequence developments means-end relations from 9 to 13 months abstract terms, it is more useful examine same within a single problem-solving situation, with task that eventually solved by many 1-year-olds and Kohler's chimpanzees—discovery an intervening support, for example, stick, rake object out reach. kind situation requires three phases analysis: (1) noticing problem, (2) isolating missing means, (3) locating substitute means. In use, where must be adequate if goal met, set possible substitutes will usually maximally constrained. language, insofar as language being used means communicative goal, constraints depend listener's skill decoding utterances bear unconventional relationship which they are used.