Continental European Eemian and early Würmian climate evolution: comparing signals using different quantitative reconstruction approaches based on pollen

摘要: Analyses of Eemian climate dynamics based on different reconstruction methods were conducted for several pollen sequences in the northern alpine foreland. The modern analogue and mutual sphere techniques used, which are briefly presented, complement one another with respect to comparable results. reconstructions reveal occurrence at least two similar thermal periods, representing temperate oceanic conditions warmer a higher humidity than today. Intense changes processes become obvious shift winter temperatures about 15 °C from late Rissian first optimum Eemian. transition shows pattern summer precipitation increasing more rapidly temperatures. With during Pinus–Quercetum mixtum–Corylus phase (PQC) an early stage second period later stage, is characterised by widespread Carpinus, gradients across study area less intense Average vary between −1.9 0.4 (present-day −3.6 1.4 °C), 17.8 19.6 14 18.9 °C). timberline expanded 350 m when compared present-day limit represented Pinus mugo. Whereas maximum temperature parameters related optimum, above 1100 mm warm concomitant somewhat reduced Intermediate, smaller oscillations cooling becomes obvious, admittedly represent moderate deterioration but not extreme chills. During boreal semicontinental Pinus–Picea–Abies phase, distinct fluctuation occurs, initiating oscillating cold conditions.