Effects of Ruminant trans Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Mechanistic Studies

摘要: There are 2 predominant sources of dietary trans fatty acids (TFA) in the food supply, those formed during industrial partial hydrogenation vegetable oils (iTFA) and by biohydrogenation ruminants (rTFA), including vaccenic acid (VA) naturally occurring isomer conjugated linoleic acid, cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9,t11-CLA). The objective this review is to evaluate evidence base from epidemiological clinical studies determine whether intake rTFA isomers, specifically VA c9,t11-CLA, differentially affects risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) cancer compared with iTFA. In addition, animal cell culture reviewed explore potential pro- antiatherogenic mechanisms c9,t11-CLA. Some suggest that a positive association coronary heart exists between only iTFA isomers not isomers. Small have been conducted establish cause-and-effect relationships these different TFA biomarkers or factors CVD inconclusive results. lack detection treatment effects reported some may be due insufficient statistical power. Many used doses realistically attainable via diet; thus, further warranted. Associations inconsistent, associations well studied. Clinical investigating relationship for cancers. Further research needed health c9,t11-CLA humans.