The importance of early life experience and animal cultures in reintroductions

摘要: Even within a single population, individuals can display striking differences in behavior, with consequences for their survival and fitness. In reintroduced populations, managers often attempt to promote adaptive behaviors by controlling the early life experiences of individuals, but it remains largely unknown whether this training has lasting effects on behavior. We investigated behavior whooping cranes (Grus americana) trained migrate using two different methods see migration remained or converged over time. found that groups relatively rapidly, indicating may not produce effects, especially species lifelong learning behavioral adaptation. some cases, consider continual interventions after release if desired are present. Understanding roles experience animal cultures play determining is crucial successful reintroduction programs.