Land application guidelines for sludges contaminated with toxic elements

摘要: Various authors and regulatory agencies have proposed guidelines designed to prevent hazardous accumulations of toxic elements in soils amended with municipal sludges. This paper reviews a number those the mathematical expressions they rely on, comments on them, illustrates their respective performances sample problem. However, since many cases nitrogen (or other nutrients) sludges may be more limiting respect land application than element concentrations, convenient method for identifying factors also is discussed illustrated.